Tchaikovsky Biography Nikolai Vasilyevich

Nikolai Tchaikovsky (1850 – 1926) – populist, after the October Revolution – a counterrevolutionary, son Vyatka landlord. In 1868 – a student at St. Petersburg University. Under the influence of student unrest in 1869, Charles is a circle of medical students based MA Natanson (see), but won in the history known as the circle "Tchaikovsky". In the early 70's. Charles was one of those populists who Kropotkin aptly described as a "constitutionalist of the Populists, and which is essentially mouthpieces of the nascent bourgeois liberalism. Subsequently, he wrote Charles (1913): "most of it turned out for a revolutionary way to fight, rather than political reform on the grounds that the Constitution Party at that time was not and could not have a chance soon to become a real force." The defeat of the circle in 1874 led Charles to move away from the revolutionary movement. Becoming a follower of sectarian Malikov, C. emigrated to America (1874 – 1875) in order to create an agricultural commune of like-minded. After the failure of this attempt, Charles returned to Europe (1879), settled in London (1880), where he participated in organizing the "Fund Free Russian Press" and later was a member of the Agrarian Socialist League and joined the Socialist-Revolutionary Party In 1905, Charles arrived in Russia in the years of reaction, broke with the Socialist-legalized and began to participate in the cooperative movement and completely withdrew from political activity. During the imperialist war, Ch – an ardent Defencist. At the beginning of the February Revolution he was elected a member of the Executive Committee of the Council of Peasants' Deputies, was a member of the Central Committee of the "Joint Labour Popular Socialist Party." On the "Democratic Conference" and "Pre-Parliament" Ch stubbornly defended the coalition with the Cadets. After the October Revolution Tchaikovsky – one of the most implacable enemies of Soviet power, an active figure the White camp. In the struggle with the Soviet government was an ardent supporter of Charles the armed intervention, terrorist acts, rebellion against the Soviet power, for this fight, he insisted on the union of all counter-revolutionary front. After the October Revolution Ch – a member of the All-Russian Committee for the Salvation of the Fatherland and the Revolution, organized conspiracy against the October Revolution, and member of the military organizations, were preparing an armed uprising on Jan. 5, 1918 in defense of the Constituent Assembly. In April 1918, Charles was involved in the organization of the Union of Revival "in Moscow and as a delegate of the union went to Ufa State Conference. Stopping in Vologda, he participated in the organization, together with the allied missions, counter-revolutionary coup in the north. After the Allied landing in Arkhangelsk (2 August 1918) Charles became head of the "Supreme control of the Northern Region" and the dictation allies held denationalization, restoring the rights of a church, district councils and municipal government. In January 1919 Charles went to Paris. In February 1920 he was a member of the South Russian Government, with the gene. Denikin, Wrangel and then maintained. January 8, 1921 Ch participated at the meeting of former members of the Constituent Assembly in Paris, defending it the need for an armed overthrow of Soviet power. The same in 1921, he participated in the creation, together with the right and left Cadets whiteguard organization "Center of Action", was abolished in 1924 the Kiev process. AR Tchaikovsky, Nikolai Rod. 1850 (51), mind. 1926. A revolutionary populist. Members of the circle "Tchaikovsky", one of the founders of the Fund Free Russian Press (1890-ies.). In 1910. member of the Socialist Revolutionary Party. During the civil war – the head and member of several anti-Soviet governments. With 1919 in emigration.