Fortune Biography

Fortuna (Fortuna) – the Roman goddess worship her – one of the oldest, borrowed from Rome cults Italic origin (di novensidenses). Tradition has a clear idea only later F., welcoming Greek Tukh, ascribes the introduction of the cult favorite of fortune, a former slave Survey Tuliyu. The oldest, the original meaning of the goddess is difficult to determine. Its ancient temples were fanum Fortis Fortunae and aedes Fortunae, on the forum boarium. Judging by the nature of the holiday Fortis Fortunae and time it was (June 24), one might think that the original meaning of the goddess was agricultural – deification of the accident, an unforeseen combination of circumstances that play such an important role in the life of the farmer. Another character is the FA cattle market, and its close relationship and proximity with the Mater Matuta suggest that, as Matuta, she was a goddess, patroness of women at the same points, and mixing it with Rudicita, and the custom of bride to bring a gift to this F . virginalis their girlish dress. The same goddess was another temple dedicated to the via Latina, based on the legend Kopiolanom, where the goddess was worshiped under the name F. muliebris. Such attitudes to women seen in the cult of F. virilis, which prayed on April 1, women of lower classes in the men's baths, its celebration coincided with the celebration in honor of Venus. We have, therefore, along with the goddess-protector of purity and chastity goddess who protected the opposite qualities of female nature. Cult FM was borrowed, probably from Latsiya, where anciently famous for its temples in Antium and Preneste. Especially famous. was prenestinskaya goddess, known Primigenia, ie, the first-born daughter of Jupiter. This alien to the Latin religious association of the idea is probably the result of foreign, may be Greek influence. The nature of the goddess as patroness of women and their fertility, manifested in her dedication inscriptions matrons, begging children, and the image of the goddess with two babies at the breast, like similar to the goddess in Capua and several other countries, particularly Gallic and Germanic deities of similar value. A distinctive feature of the cult prenestinskogo were predictions that gave a goddess, and they were recorded on a stick of oak tree removed as lots (sortes). This, again, alien starolatinskim religious beliefs trait led to the fact that the cult of the goddess prenestinskoy later entered Rome. First Temple F. primigenia was consecrated in 194 BC, the Chr., at the Quirinale, and soon there and then have another temple of the same goddess and the temple of F. rublisa why and locality became known as ad tres Fortunas. Publica p (opuli) R (omani) was the epithet and goddesses of the other two churches, which gives the right to conclude that the cult of the goddess prenestinskoy joined the cult of the goddess-protector of the Roman people happy. The cult of the goddess of fortune soon differentiated by hundreds and thousands of individual denominations. Bogie patrons of certain individuals, groups, institutions, days, seasons, etc., thousands of Roman men of genius and personifications shared the general notion of happiness and success for thousands of small parts: already in 101, and perhaps before, there is a Rome, Temple GF huiusce diei – deities, which guarantees a happy ending of the day; even earlier, in 180 g., is devoted to a dictator Apt. Fulvius Flaccus equestris F. temple to the goddess, protectress of the Roman cavalry, in memory of a happy cavalry charge in the Celt Iberian War 180 th, in the mind the ability of this deity to differentiation, along with the prevalence in society purely material interests, AF is the most popular goddess of the Roman Pantheon, and is revered by thousands of names and nicknames. Typical in this regard the words of Pliny the Elder: "all over the world, everywhere at all hours of the day the votes of all calls and call one FA, one of her accused, prosecuted, about her one thought, one praising her, her one-incriminate. Cursing revere her volatile, many consider her blind, wandering, fickle, false, forever changing, the patroness of the unworthy. She put about, and debit and credit, and in all books of account of the death, she takes one and the one and another page. "She devoted thousands of altars and chapels across the face of the Roman Empire, and its image is in any household shrine, appears on coins and more frequently on the subjects of industry and household, she prevails, along with Mercury – the same god of material gain and fortune – on cut stones, marks on the lead of the various applications, for lamps, coin boxes, bottles daily use, etc. Popularity goddess contributes and what it includes, as an official part of, the cult of the emperors, under the name F. Augusta, along with the genius of Augustus in Pompeii and other places in her first days of the empire dedicated to the temples. In Rome, special reverence since his return in August with the East in 1919 to Robert Chr. enjoys G. Redux. Cult FM retains its official value, and after August, before the later period of the empire. AF is commonly depicted as dressed woman leaning one arm on the steering wheel, and the other holds the cornucopia. Sometimes she is represented standing on a ball or run into him his main attribute – the steering wheel. Differentiation is characterized by the addition of attributes, for example. ship's nose (F. navalis). Image FM adapted to a variety of personalization, standing with her in a more or less closely related: Felicitas, Hilaritas, Concordia, Fides et al anyway adjacent to its type. By virtue of its overall value to it is easy to blend other deities, both F. merged with Isis, establishing for himself in Rome, beginning with 1., Enormous popularity, there is even a direct embodiment of its comprehensiveness – the cult F.