Paul (Obnorsky) (1317 – 10/01/1429) – Rev. Obnorsky, rarely called Komel (from rivers Obnory and Comely), the ascetic and hermit XIV-XV centuries. He was born in Moscow in 1317, the prince of Moscow Yuri Danilovich, died on the river Obnore in 1429, 10 January, when, and celebrated his memory. The rich-born, well educated, he from an early age fascinated by examples of ascetics. In 1338, forced to marry, he fled from his parents and become a monk in the monastery of Christ on the Volga River (in the current Yaroslavl Province.). Following in this monastery a few years and is here drawing the attention of his ascetic life, Paul left for further improvements to the teacher. Sergius, in Radonezh forest, where he continued his heroic first among the brothers, then – in complete removal from society, in a solitary Qilya, of which did not leave for 15 years. After that, having received a blessing from St. Sergius bronze cross, he went north, crossed the Volga. Here he spent many years wandering through the forests and hermitages hermits and finally settled in Komel forests situated on the rivers Comely, Gryazovitse, Nurme and others living for 3 years on the river bank Gryazovitsy in the hollow of lime, Paul went to the then Obnorsky third, to the river Nurmi (now Gryazovets county Vologda Province.). Remarkable dedicated work of his famous around and gathered around him many imitators, the need to give a rule of life that Paul led the brothers to go to Moscow to Metropolitan Photius asking for blessings on the device of the monastery, it is a blessing, although not immediately, and then only thanks to a special vision of Photius, was given to him, and in 1414 the desert was founded. After a few years in response to the letter of Paul, have not come down, the Metropolitan Photius sent (1420) blessing to the device, and the consecration of the monastery church outlining the rules of monastic life (see "Historical Records", I, № 257, and Rousseau . histori. Biblioth. ", VI, № 57). The first abbot of the Saviour Monastery Obnorsky was Alex, a student of Paul and Sergius Nuromskogo, closest friend and his confessor, who lived in the same Obnorsky forests. He himself and on the basis of the monastery continued to live in a solitary cell and only occasionally came to the monastery. He was canonized in 1547 the cathedral, in the circular letter of Metropolitan Macarius in Vologda and Beloozero read: "Charter esmya now prazdnovati new Miracle Worker in Russ. The land that their God glorified by many and various miracles and znamenmi not Be Today the cathedral until his singing .. . prazdnovati Petit and everywhere of January, a 10-day prep. Paul Obnorsky new miracle worker "(see" Acts Archeological Expedition ", I, № 213). Without a doubt, an informal recognition of Paul as a saint existed much earlier. The canonization in 1547 was the immediate cause finding relics with him digging ditches for the new stone church built over his grave. A year after the canonization was drawn to the new office of the saint (see also "The Charter BIS. Ceremonies which took place in Moscow. Uspensky Cathedral, about 1634, in" Russ. Histori. Biblioth. ", III, 51). His relics are hidden away in Pavlo-Obnorsky treteklassnom Monastery (Gryazovskogo county Obnorsky parish, in the 15 ver. From the county town Gryazovets); ohranyayutsya there until now: the hollow, in which he lived and Paul, his well, and a cross given to him by prep. Sergius (the latter is described and depicted in "Proceedings of the archaeologist. Total.", 1861, 142, in Art. Suvorov, and the "Ancients. Monuments russ. Writing and language" Sreznevsky, the 2-nd ed., P. 269 -270). These are the curricula vitae of the teacher. Paul gives his life, written by an unknown person in a hundred-odd years of his death (about 1546), drawn, probably mainly on the basis of stories, only the second generation of monks, it deserves, although not certainly, but still significantly degree of attention historian. The composition of lists of the Life of this saint can be classified into three types: 1) old (Paul's life and a story about Alex), 2) supplemented with the legend of the miracles of Paul and 3) combined with a story about the destruction of the Mon-OC Tatars in 1538 Description appearance saint – in the "Consolidated icon-painting the original, the list Filimonova eighteenth century. under January 10. (In "Vestn. Total. Ancient russ. Art, p. 79). Veryuzhsky "Prep. Obnorsky Paul" and "Vologda. Saints", Vologda, 1879; Puhidinsky "Prep. Obnorsky Paul, Vologda. Chudotvor." (Vologda. Diocese. Knowledge. "1870, arr., № 1); Eugene" Brief information on the saints of God to Vologda.lips. "(ibid., 1864, arrived., № 1); N. Suvorov" Description of Pavlo-Obnor. Mon. "(ibid., 1866, arr., 99)," Vologda. Olden, 1890, 258 ff.; Eristov "Dictionary of the historical. the saints ", 1836 and 1862; Ant" Lives of the Saints ", January, 151-174; Filaret" Russ, saints, 1882, January 41-52 (the infidels. indicating that Paul monashestvoval in Cyril Beloz. Mon. because it could be only until 1389, and the monastery was founded in 1397), "The Book of the verb. Description of Russia. saints", with additions. gr. M. Tolstoy, № 248, in "reading" 1887, Vol. 4, Leonid "Holy Russia", № 297 (briefly); Ambrose of "History of Russia. Hierarchy", V, 428 et seq.; Karamzin, IX, etc. 87 (Rukopisn. book Volokolam. Mon.) Undolsky Bibliography . rozyskanie ", 1846, 70; Klyuchevskii" Drevneruss. Lives of the Saints ", 271, et seq., 378; Sergius St. East", II, II, 10; "Bibliologich. Dictionary Stroeva P., ed. AF Bychkova, 340-341 and 405-406. Sun Sreznevsky.

Mary Magdalene – one of the Myrrh-Bearers, devotion to Christ follower IM, once healed of the terrible disease ("seven demons"). She came from the town of Magdala (teper. Medzhdel), led a dissolute life, and under the influence of AI Christ resurrected to new life, became a model of deep repentance and sincere appeal to faith in Christ.
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Litwin, SK (also S. Efron) – the author of slanderous works against their coreligionists. Placed in "Sunrise" (1895, Bk. V, VI), signed "S. Efron, heat to write the story" My uncle, Reb Shebsel-Eiser, LA at the same time, published under the pseudonyms of anti-Semitic publications of short stories, full of malicious fabrications, stories, not excluding "My uncle p. Shebsel-Eiser, were published as a separate collection" Among the Jews "(St. Petersburg, 1897).

In 1899, the "historical.
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Bayazid Bista (Tayfur Abu Yazid al-Bista) (720 – 800) – a famous Persian Sufi and the hermit (Zahid), the ascetic, a saint, one of the pillars of Sufism, known as "the Sultan know" ("Sultan al-Arifin"). Born in Bistame a respected and prominent family. His grandfather, Sorushan was Zoroastrians and in the last years of the Sassanid was the ruler of Kumes. After the conquest of these areas Muslims at the end of VII century Sorushan became a Muslim, and his family also adopted Islam.
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Anselm of Canterbury (1033 – 21/4/1109) – philosopher and scholar, was born in Aosta, in Piedmont, in 1033, he entered the monastery in 1060, Mr., at the request of a godly mother Ermenbergi, in 1073 became rector (PRIOR) and scholasticism in 1078-abbot of the monastery Norman Beck, where his fame attracted famous Lanfranco, and in 1093, Mr. as his successor, became the Archbishop of Canterbury, England.

He is considered the first scholastic. Despite the fact that the starting point for him was the Bible and the teachings of bl. Augustine, that he kept within Catholicism, and was imbued with the conviction that faith must precede cognition and of itself eliminates any doubt, however, he insisted that the faith passed for knowledge. Therein lies its main value as dogmatic.
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Pashkovsky John Prokopievich – a priest from the Little Russian territory, in 1697 – 1699 was accompanied by the boyar Boris Sheremetev on island of Malta, and there is every reason to think that he was the author of "Adventures in the Maltese island of boyar Boris Sheremetev. Suspect that Pashkovskiœ was the author of "Adventures" is the following grounds. First, details show clearly that the author witnessed the events, and secondly, the author begins presentation "Adventures" on behalf of Sheremetev, but soon, referring to the nobleman, starts talking in third person, that clearly shows that the author was not the Sheremetyev, and someone from the satellites. Thirdly, it is typical for the writers of those spiritual form of entry to the "Adventures" reveals that the author was a clergyman. Commonly encountered in this work the words, not inherent in the Russian language, but one of the dialects under the influence of Poland, show that the author belonged to the Great Russian race, but either had lived in Poland, or came from Belarus or the Ukraine.
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Philemon – Bishop of Kolomna (1341 – 1360 years.), He was consecrated bishop of about 1360, it seems, from archimandrites Goritsky that Pereyaslavl Zalessky Uspensky Monastery, founded in the XIV century. If so, he was the first in time, called the Monastery Archimandrite and as such, in 1341 he was a witness in writing the treaty of the Grand Duke Simeon the Proud with his brothers Ivan and Andrei, and in 1353 – when writing a spiritual credentials the same lead. Prince. How about Bishop Kolomenskoe, know of him only that he had been ordained to this department of St. Alexy, Metropolitan of Moscow and Kiev. "Vol. Works. Russian years.", VIII, 27. – Karamzin, V, etc. 55. – "Sobre. State. Grams. And forth", I, № № 23-24. – "Step. Book.", I, 464. – Story: "Lists of bishops." – "Devyatisotletie Russian hierarchy" … ND, 45. AE

Thomas Munzer (1490) – Radical preacher the Reformation, was born in the Harz Mountains, studied at Wittenberg, and became a priest. Like Luther, M. carried away by the mystics, but captured the social and religious ferment in the nation, came to the apocalyptic beliefs and the communist dream. He rejects external revelation: only those who worn out heart, who is in emotional storms come to know God – the true his chosen successor. Scripture only kills, but not alive.
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Shakirzyanov Zulkarnay Shakirzyanovich (06/15/1948) – Imam-muhtasibs Omsk muhtasibata Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the European part of CIS and Siberia, was born in the village of Tat-Kilmez Kilmezskogo district Kirov region, graduated from the Islamic madrassas "Mir-Arab city of Bukhara, with 1979 . is the imam of the mosque-Khatib, Omsk, was a member and chairman of the Audit Committee of the Spiritual Board of Muslims of European Russia and Siberia in 1995 at the Congress of Muslims of Siberia elected Mufti of the Muslims of Siberia and the chairman of the Spiritual Board of Muslims of Siberia in July 1996 is a co-chair of the Supreme Islamic Council of muftis of Russia; married with a son and a daughter.

John Damascene (673 – 676) – One of the most famous theologians and church fathers Eastern. His father, D., Sergy, was the first minister of the Caliph of Damascus Abdalmeleha (682 – 703 PM) was an educator D. prisoner Calabrian monk, who gave him a good education. After the death of his father D. took his place. During this time, a struggle of Orthodoxy against the iconoclasts, worried the whole East. D. wrote in defense of Orthodoxy three messages to Constantinople, where they made a big impression. Imp. Leo Isavriyanin, iconoclast, he decided to kill his enemy: he ordered one of his officials to examine the handwriting D. and write on his behalf a letter to him, Leo, with a promise to bring the Byzantine Damascus. This letter was sent to the caliph, who first away in the deception, but then asked for ID again to his former position at the court. John chose, set free all his slaves, to retire to a monastery Saba. Here, none of the monks did not want to be a spiritual mentor of the famous theologian, scholar, and when, finally found a willing, then, for probation in obedience, forbade him to write something. John long obeyed, but when one of the monks died and he was asked to lay down on this occasion grave national anthem, then John could not resist and wrote those highly poetic songs, which are still sung in the Orthodox. Church at the burial of the dead. Elder Mentor forgiven D. only when he performed penance laid upon them: to clean all the unclean places of the monastery. After John gave himself freely to authorship. Erected to the rank of presbyter, D. was several times imprisoned for his jealousy of the Orthodox faith, but lived to a ripe old age and died around 777 AD, the present edition: 1) "Source of Knowledge" – phgh gnwsewV – embraces the circle of Sciences of the time and is of the following components: a) "Dialectics" (logic and physics of Aristotle, Nemesio, Porfiry, etc.), where, incidentally, held the idea that logic is a tool for theology as well as for philosophy – the idea that lay down in time to the base app. scholasticism, and b) a book on heresies, which turns the historic development hrisst. dogmatists in the fight against heresy in) "Exact Exposition of the Orthodox Faith" (ecjesiV acribhV thV orjdooxou pistewV). This third part of the "source of knowledge is especially important: it presents the first experience of scientific Christ. Theology, summing up in a systematic way the results of all theologizing church fathers and ecumenical councils, and extensively using the data for the purposes of theology then science and psychology. "Exact Exposition of the faith" was, and until now serves as a model for theologians not only eastern., But the app.: Major works of Peter Lombard, and even Thomas Aquinas are nothing like amplified scholastic apparatus alteration of theology into the Slavic D. LANG. from "sources of knowledge" into two parts – "Dialectics" and "accurate description" – translated as early as the tenth century.; latest version, spelling out exactly "- apxiep. Ambrose, the Slavs. LANG. In 1834 and in Russian in 1844 (Moscow). 2) "Sacred Parallels" – Theological Dictionary of sayings St. Scripture and the Fathers of the Church of the objects of faith, particularly important in many passages of these works, which to our time in general form is not preserved. 3) "Guide" (egceiridion) – explanation of important theological terms, a misunderstanding which in antiquity was the cause of heresy. 4) Several small works on dogma: "The right thought", "The Saint. Trinity," "The image of God in man", "On Human Nature," etc. 5) "Three words against condemning icons, highly valued, even Protestant historian Neander. 6) "Understanding on the message up. Paul" (as Chrysostom). 7) A significant number of sermons on holidays (the exact number not determined; sermons, as well as on the interpretation of the message, not a first-class advantages). scores. As a poet-gimnolog, D. valued very highly by all. His service on Easter (especially the Easter canon), canon at Christmas, the Epiphany, on Voznecenie, his osmiglasnik (Octoechos – Sunday services, divided into 8 states) – excellent, truly poetic works. All the canons of them written before 64. Even during his lifetime chants D. spread far beyond Greece. Octoechos him, on the orders of Charles V., was taken to use in the article. church in the Eastern church in the introduction of worship chants D. changed the entire structure of his. For extraordinary poetic talent DA assimilated name "Zlatostruyny" (crisorroaV).The best of the editions of his works in the original: Lekenya and Leo Allyatsiya (incomplete), "SPN Johannis Damasceni opera omnia" (P. 1712), reprinted in this edition, with additions. and amended in Verona, in 1748, and Minya, "Patrologiae cursus compl. ser. graeca" (v. XCIV – XCVI. In manuscript app. libraries, as well as in the Moscow Synodal, saved quite a few works with the name D., hitherto unpublished, but there are writings published in his name in Greek. the original and the unknown, maybe he does not belong. See Study of Archbishop Alexis (Lavrov), in "Additions to create. St.. fathers issued. in Russian. A good day. "for 1857