Biography Ra

Ra – the presiding deity of ancient Egyptians. The name means "sun", the god of which was a center of worship was R. Iliopol where R. was otozhestvlen with Tumom and where he focused on how his incarnation, phoenix, bull mnevis and an obelisk. Other religious centers of Ra associated with the local deities of the world: Amon (Thebes,), under the name of Amon-R., Khnum (Elephantine in) – in the form of Khnum-Ra, Horus – in the form of Ra-Garmahisa. Last comparison was especially prevalent. There are several myths about this deity, preserved, except for random notes and hints to various religious books and numerous hymns, special Turin Papyrus Museum, the inscriptions on the walls of tombs of kings 19 – 20 dinars. etc. They show that Ra was considered the son of Nun, the primeval chaos, and before the universe was in it along with the deities of the elements. Then he, more great than it produced an more ancient than the birth of his, came out of Nun, the place where later arose the town of Great Ermopol, and here, Potsdam victory over the forces of darkness, commanded by His word light is sprung from a lotus flower . Then Ra produced from a pair of gods: Shu and Tefnut, from which a new kind of couple, cab and Chickpeas – earth and sky, the parents of Osiris and his cycle. These deities were referred to. Ennead of On, which was headed by R. During the Middle Kingdom was produced sublime doctrine, under which eight deities are united with their parent, as members of the body of the supreme god. This God says of himself in 17 Sec. Book of the Dead: "I – Tum, an existing, single. I – R. in his first sunrise. I – the Great God who created himself, the creator of his own name" lord enneads. "I was yesterday, and I know tomorrow." Having created the world, R. reigned over him like a man, Pharaoh, and at this time was the golden age. Robert was still holding in their hands, thanks to the magic power of his mysterious name. His great-granddaughter of Isis Wise, when he was old and cunning get out of him this name, was the consequence of disobedience of the people. Po the advice of his father, Robert decided to exterminate the human race, afflicted him his "eye" in the form of the goddess Gatir, which made a terrible beating, people began to sink in his own blood. Robert took pity and rescued the next day survivors, having watered Gator drunk. However, the ingratitude of people upset R. and he decided to leave them to heaven. Goddess of the latter, chickpeas, appeared before him in the form of a cow, and he left, sitting on her back. The people repented, came to see him, expressed their willingness to kill his enemies, and to establish in honor of his sacrifice and worship. Reign began Shu and Tefnut. But having gone into heaven, R. have not stopped a benefactor to the land. Every day he leaves to the east in a day boat, accompanied by other deities, to illuminate the ground, and 12 hours later transplanted into the night boat that within 12 hours of the night throw the 12 ordeals dead. Zes he wins the monsters of darkness and visit the gods and the dead, received allotments of land from him and considered his vassals. Just one hour a day could each enjoy its contemplation, and only awarded the special elect to pursue happiness shining god all the time, swimming with him in the boat. This participation is considered desirable for every pious Egyptian, hence a lot of hymns in honor of Ra and his image of tombstone inscriptions of the time the new kingdom. Hymns are caught in the "Book of the Dead" (15 head), in addition, have survived 75 "glorification" in honor of R. in the tombs of the kings of the dynasty in 1920. The small pyramid, on each of the four sides of which depicted the solar barque during various periods of daily life, and prayers were written by R. depicting a kneeling deceased, were also expected to facilitate the last permanent residence is in the light. R. depicted with the head of falcon on the body of man, with a sun disc and a snake Urey on his head. The cult of P., in particular in form of Amon-R. at Thebes, are stored in Berlin Museum interesting ritual papyri, whose study started OE f. Lemm ("Das Ritualbuch", 1886) and which are currently issued. Initially, when Robert was not female deities: he worked alone, but later we find him next to the goddesses Iycaast, Rath and others of their artificiality is quite clear, incidentally, is already out of their images, which made them double of Isis and Gator and not the spouse ierakokefalnogo god of light. The myth of the extermination of people seein Naville, "La Destruction des hommes" (in "Transactions of London Gen.. Byblos. Archaeological.", Vol IV and VIII); Brugsch, "Die neue Weltordnung" (1881); Lefebure, in "Zeitschrift fur agypt. Sprache" (1883). On the voyage P., is the subject of the book "Amduat" (that in the underworld), see a Maspero, in "Biblioth. Egyptolog." (II, 1 – 181). Hymns in honor of P. – In Naville, "La litanie du soleil" (Lpts., 1875).