Biography Pugacheva Yemelyan

Pugachev Yemelyan (about 1744 – 1775) – leader of the popular movement, called on his behalf, Pugachevshchina. Time of birth is unknown; during the interrogation on Nov. 4, 1774 AP Sheshkovskomu showed that he was of age 30 years – means he was born about 1744. His country was Zimoveyskaya village in the Don Army Region. In his youth, Pugachev and his father worked in arable farming; schismatic, he never was. 17 years was identified in the service and will soon marry the daughter of a Cossack Sophia Dmitriyevna Nedyuzhevoy. A week after the wedding, P. was sent, together with the Cossacks, in Prussia, under the command of Count 3. Chernyshev. Marching chieftain Don regiments in the army was Colonel Ilya Denisov. He picked up the AP to his orderly. One night, while anxiety, P. missed one of the horses owned by Denisov, for which he was punished "without mercy" whip. On their return from Prussia, PA spent eighteen months in Zimoveyskoy the village, then was sent to a detachment of Cossacks in Poland, and when the team was disbanded, again lived at home, three or four. At that time he had children. During the Turkish War of AP, has the rank of ensign, served under the command of Count P. Panina, and was at the siege of Bender. Then he fell ill with a malignant disease ("rot in his chest and legs), was sent home, then drove in Cherkassk petition of resignation, but from Cherkassk came to Taganrog to visit his sister who was married to Don Cossack Simon Pavlov. Pavlov began to complain of the severity of AP plaguing her and expressed his intention to run. No matter how he tried to persuade P. Pavlov still run and forced the PA to carry it, along with other fugitives, the Don. Later, when Pavlov returned home and was arrested, he gave P. Fearing persecution, P. left home and wandered for some time in this village, and at the end of 1771 went to the Terek River and was admitted to the Terek host family, because there are not knew that he was a fugitive Cossack. Various promises PA failed to persuade the Cossacks from thence to elect him as their leader, but the 9 February 1772, he was caught leaving the Mozdok, imprisoned in the guardhouse, and chained to a chair. On the circuit he had spent three days, after which he managed to escape. AP returned to their homeland; here with his consent, his wife denounced the authorities for the return of her husband. He was arrested and sent to Cherkassk. On the way he met an acquaintance Cossack Luchian Khudyakov, introduced him to it in a way that he was suffering from the persecution of his elders, he swore that a serious matter for him there and asked to take him on bail. Khudyakov believed and volunteered, under its guarantee, take AP in Cherkassk. The next day he told his son to saddle two horses and ride with Pugachev. On the way, threw his son P. Khudyakov and fled to the region. Koysuhu, which were settled derived from Poland splitters. There, in the village Chernigovka, P. searching for a man who would'll take him to the Cossack team. He pointed to the sectarian Ivan Koverina. With his stepson Alex Koverinym P. and set off. On the way he said Alexei that actually is not the team he was going, and I want him to live for God, but he does not know which would find bogoboyazlivyh people. Alex'll take him to the farm to the schismatic Osip Ladybird from hog suburb Izjumsky Regiment. Ladybird reacted first with disbelief to the AP, but the latter managed to convince him that he had left Kremenchug and silver dress, because when you return it from under Bender, they are not missed due to sickness, and that near Bandar populated new suburb and live there freely. In AP there was no passport, but Cow sent him a son, giving him his passport. P., along with her son Ladybird, went to Kremenchug, out the hook and on to Elizabeth's castle, but the way they learned that no settlement by Bender is not, and decided to go to Starodub settlement. They arrived first in Klimov suburb, then Starodub monastery, the elder Basil. AP revealed to him that he escaped Cossack, and asked where would be better to live? Basil advised him to go to Poland and then to come to the outpost and Dobryansky affect Polish descendant, as these natives were ordered to settle anywhere they wish. 15 weeks spent in SP Ladybird in Klimova, until it became possible to cross the border into the branch. Vetka AP remained no more than a week, then came to Dobryansky outpost and declared himself a Polish native Yemelyan Ivanov, the son of Pugachev. He was kept in quarantine for 6 weeks, and then issued a passport. Here P.met with the fugitive soldier 1 st Grenadier Regiment Alexei Semenov Logachev, they confessed to each other and decided together to go to Irgiz, the palace Malykovskuyu parish. Lacking funds for the road, they turned to philanthropy Dobryansky merchant Kozhevnikov, who, learning that they were going to Irgiz, instructed them to send greetings to his father Filaret. Subsequently, the AP is widely used this request Kozhevnikov. From AP Dobryanka with Logachev went to Chernigovka to Ladybird, but without the latter's son. Stayed with him for some time, they went to Don Glazukovskuyu village, and from there via Kamyshenko, and arrived in the Saratov Simbirsk province, in the village Malykovku palace (now the mountains. Vol'sk). With the permission of a steward this village, they remained there for several days. From there they traveled over 100 miles in Mechetne suburb (now the mountains. Nikolaevsk Samara province.) Seek schismatic Filaret, who was found in the hermitage and the Entry of the Virgin. Filaret was overjoyed P. and conversation, among other things, told him about the incident on Yaik and the situation of the Cossacks. Influenced by these stories in AP was the thought struck him legkoispolnimoy – use the displeasure of the Cossacks, to prepare them to escape and become their leader. He made it Filaret, who endorsed her. To receive a free, PA cunning rid of his companion Logacheva while he went to Yaitskiy town, asking along the way about the situation of the Cossacks and scouting about whether they would agree to relocate with their families and give back to the Kuban, thus, the Sultan of Turkey. AP promised for this for 12 rubles. per person, saying that it has 200 thousand goods at the border. Information received AP, were favorable for its plan. Mileposts in the 60's and from Yaitskiy town, in Syzran steppe, P. stopped in Talove able (inn), which contains soldiers plowed Stepan Obolyaev, nicknamed "Yeryomina Chicken. Obolyaev man was trusting, good-natured and deeply about all the oppression Yaik Cossacks, therefore he, unwittingly, done much for prepared Pugachevshchina. Obolyaev told AP about Yaik accidents. It turned out that there is close, caught in the steppe foxes, two newcomers Yaik Cossack Gregor and Ephraim Zakladnovy. Through the Yeryomina P. Hen met with Grigory and from him learned that among the Yaik Cossacks goes the idea of resettlement, and that they readily migrate, if the PA will undertake to hold them. After that went to P. Yaitskiy town, where he arrived on November 22, 1772 and stayed in the house Cossack Pyanova as advised him Gregory mortgages. It was just a difficult time for Yaik Cossacks. September 17, 1772 finished its work of inquiry into the murder of General Traubenberg, Cossacks waited for his fate. The city, meanwhile, went the rumor that Tsaritsin appeared a man who calls himself the king of Peter Fedorovich. When the conversation alone, Pianoff told AP about this rumor last resolved to use it to implement its cherished dream – to divert the Cossacks of the Kuban. AP confirmed Pyanova hearing and added that declaring a person truly sovereign Peter Fedorovich, he escaped earlier in St. Petersburg, and now in Tsaritsyn where captured and tortured by someone else, Peter F. left. On this long conversation ended. Then started talking about the situation of the Cossacks, and P. called himself a merchant, and promised at the output of each family for 12 rubles. When they are drunk listened in amazement P. and
wondered where he got all that money come from, which may have only the emperor, PA, as if unconsciously, absorbed, said: "I am not a merchant, I Tsar Peter F.; I then was, and in Tsaritsyn let me God and good people are saved, but instead I spotted the soldiers on duty. Then told AP the whole fable of how he escaped, went to Poland, in Constantinople, was in Egypt, and now came to him on Yaik. Pianoff promised to talk with old and pass AP what they say. Under such circumstances, quite by chance, P. assumed the name of Peter III: up to that time he has never occurred to this name. However, at the first interrogation AP showed that the idea to impersonate the Emperor Peter III, suggested to him splitters Ladybird, Kozhevnikov and Filaret, but, after confrontations with them, P., kneeling down, said that he has slandered these people. In the town Yaitskiy P. stayed for a week and together with his companion Filippov, went back to Mechetne.On the road Filippov behind and far-fetched to tell all the authorities. Pugacheva was arrested, sent first to the Simbirsk provincial office, and then in Kazan, where he arrived on Jan. 4, 1773 After the interrogation he was put under the provincial office to be referred to. "Black prisons". P. acted cunningly, "Raskolnikov said, and began to say that he suffers no guilt, for" cross and beard. Schismatics took part in it. Having an accident that arrived in Kazan book icon elder Filaret, PA has managed to send him a letter, asking for protection and assistance. In Filaret in Kazan was familiar Scholokov merchant, but he was just at this time in Moscow. Leaving in his hermitage, Filaret left Scholokovu letter, but Scholokov treated rather casually to the request of Filaret and did nothing in favor of P. At this time, due to the restructuring of black prisons, AP, together with the other convict was transferred to the prison yard, where the convict used relatively greater freedom and supervised released from prison for begging alms. After talking with a former merchant suburb Alata Parfyonov Druzhinin VP asked to go to a priest and a friend fled, along with Druzhinin and with him fled, is one of the guards. and another drink dead drunk. Escape P. made a strong impression in St. Petersburg; strictly was ordered to take all measures to capture him, but to catch it failed. Meanwhile, AP Yaitskiy heading for the town, leaving their comrades on the road, and came to be able to Obolyaevu (Yeryomina chicken). After a few days, PA was once with Obolyaevym in the bath. Here Obolyaev drew attention to the left in P. chest after an illness signs. AP said nothing at first, but on leaving the bath Obolyaevu said that the king's signs. Eremin's Chicken first reacted to these words with disbelief, but when the AP began shouting at him, he doubts he disappeared. With the consent of P. Gregory Zakladnovu Obolyaev discovered that P. – none other than Emperor Peter III. Mortgages smile said this: "What a miracle is – of course, we searched for the Lord." Just at that time in Yaitskiy army is executed sentence for the murder of Traubenberg and Cossacks were dissatisfied. This has created fertile ground for rumors that Peter III was alive. Short story about the first visit to P. Yaitskiy town took a legendary character. Several Cossacks decided to go to be able to check Obolyaevu hearing about the Emperor. VP received them with dignity, was kind and promised all sorts of grace army. "I give you my promise," he said, to complain about your army as Don, twelve rubles a month, and twelve quarters of corn; liking you Yaik river and all the canals, fishing and land-grabbing, sleepy meadows bezdanno and duty-free, and I distribute salt on all four sides, take me wherever he wants and who will complain about you because, like previous rulers, and you will serve me my faith and truth. " In general, P. promised everything he always dreamed Yaik Cossacks. Visiting the Cossacks were in full confidence that the PA – the emperor. He himself was almost caught at this time, going to Malykovku the house of his godfather. He managed to escape from his pursuers and hide in the forests Irgiz. Eremin same hen was arrested, and AP without it arrived in Talovaya able, where he was expected Yaik Cossacks: Chuchkov, Karavaev, Shiga, Myasnikov and Zarubin. The latter was known as Chickie, and later known as Count Chernyshev. Encounter took place in the steppe, P. tried to persuade the Cossacks that he Emperor, but they still doubted, especially Zarubin. The result of a meeting, however, was designated the accession of the Cossacks to the impostor. The Cossacks are aware that AP is not the emperor. On the question Chiki Karavayev said: "Let it not sovereign, and the Don Cossack, but instead the Emperor for our atonement, but we do not care, just to be good." Later Zarubin (Chick) directly asked about his origin Pugachev, and VP, as shown by Chica on the investigation, he made him a confession that he was really a Don Cossack, and that he heard rumors of Don cities, though the Emperor Peter F. alive and decided to take his name. "Under his name, went on AP, I get to Moscow, because first of 'em high power and people will have many, but in Moscow there is no army. This same recognition P., in his own words, made Karavayev, Shigaeva and Pyanova. "So" – the researcher remarked Pugachevshchina, Dubrovin – "the origin and identity of P.for Yaik Cossacks did not matter; they needed was a strange environment, unknown in the army, a man who, taking advantage of the Russian people confidence that Peter is alive III, would proclaim himself emperor and his army returned Yaik all of its rights, privileges and liberties . After the meeting in the wilderness, near Talovaya able owned Yeryomina Hen, the Cossacks dispersed. Shigaeva and Karavaeva P. sent Yaitskiy town for the banner and alert the troops about the appearance of Peter III, while he and his Zarubin, Myasnikov and Chuchkovym went into the steppe to the Uzeni. Along the way they parted: Chuchkov went to Uzen and Pugachev with Myasnikov and Zarubin (Chikoi) – through the Divide, the steppe, to Kozhevnikov villages. Here PA had initially very skeptical, but by accompanying his comrades, a distrust soon dispelled, and hearing about the appearance of the Emperor had begun to spread to the villages. From AP Kozhevnikov farms went to Usihu. He was accompanied by 6 people. Shigaev and a caravan, as well as the entire party, send them out, worked actively for the benefit of GP in the town and Yaitskiy were prepared banners. Among the zealous adherents of SP, was a Cossack Yakov Pochitalin, later the first secretary of the Pretender. Everything that happened could not long remain unknown to the sergeant, and Commander Simon: they are sent to the district. Usihu squad to catch the imposter, but the adherents of SP had inform him and the party could not find him in the same place. Together with his entourage, which included a now Pochitalin, P. Budarinskie went to the cabin in the Hoot. Tolkacheva. to delay now was impossible. By the way, in the field, Pochitalin as the only literate man, wrote the first manifesto of Pugachev. PP was illiterate, could not sign it, but pleaded that a "great cause", which allegedly prevented him from Moscow to sign the papers in person. September 17, 1773 at Hoot. Tolkacheva manifesto read to the gathering by the Cossacks, whose number has reached 80 people. "And who – said, among other things, this manifesto – my sovereign, amperatorskomu Majesty Peter Fedarovichu, the wine was, and I am the emperor Peter Fedarovich all wines forgive and gracious I do: ryakoyu with peaks up to usya and earth, and herbs and denezhnym salaries, and lead, and the pores and grain proviyantam I, the great emperor amperator, liking you Peter Fedarovich "…. then unfurled banners and marched to the town Yaik . The villages were sent messengers to gather people to the sovereign. Thus began the Pugachev.