Biography of Mikhail Mikhailov Larionovich

Our dream is bright and shining them for the poor if happiness – Though from afar. M. L. Mikhailov you this sacrifice. For you young closes ominously system. NP Ogarev ML Mikhailov was destined to become the first victim of political repression during the reign of Alexander II, opened a long list of victims in the martyrology of revolutionary socialists post-reform period. This sacrifice appealed to Mikhailov eyes Russian revolutionary socialists of all generations and trends: from Herzen to Plekhanov, and its civil penalty is carried out, whether intentionally, or accidentally, in the Decembrist uprising anniversary – 14 December 1861 and forced to recall the names of executed by the pioneers of the Russian revolutionary movement. "Mikhailov, who was exiled to hard labor – he wrote his best friend, NV Shelgunov – has become a saint, even for those who do not read any of his lines (Shelgunov, Shelgunov, Michael, Vol 1, pp. 241). Throughout his life Mikhailov full justification for the aura of heroism that surrounded his legend. Born ML Mikhailov 4 (16) January 1829 in Orenburg. My grandfather and his father were serfs, and his grandfather was detected prior to death for having believed in "free", granted him verbally deceased landowner, with whom he was managing. Father Larion M. received "free", the situation has reached a major mining official, even rose to the rank of a hereditary nobleman, but with his death in 1845 (mother – Kyrgyz Princess Olga V. Urakov – died earlier in 1841) Family Welfare ended, and the children had to give foster care families. Michael got in Ufa relatives mother. Childhood ML Mikhailov passed in Iletsk protection, a small town, comprised of convicts and exiles who worked in the salt mines in which my father served as a manager. Exiles and was one of the teachers Mikhailova, a Pole, who, as Mikhailov wrote in his autobiographical novel "Together" (a novel about the "new people" whose publication in the journal "The case was suspended censorship, the manuscript has not survived), told him" with a youthful fire the rule of evil on earth and the need for hostility to him, about the sanctity of the struggle, suffering and death for the benefit of the homeland and humanity "(D, 1870, № 1, pp. 24). Her first poems and translations have appeared in the journal Mikhailova "Illustration" in 1845, when he was still in high school in Ufa. In 1846, after he received a volunteer at Petersburg University, begins his intense, productive and virtually incessant literary activity. Mikhailov was recognized first as a talented translator (he owned the excellent translations of Heine, Beranger, etc.) and a poet, and then as a novelist, critic and publicist. He met with NG's Cathedral (with whom he established close friendships), with some Petrashevsky circle, and many writers. Gradually, Mikhailov is the position of "natural school", which clearly indicated in the story "Adam Adamovich (1851), which initiated the cycle of his prose works of provincial life. Strengthen its democratic convictions. Important role in this played the acquaintance in 1855, and a strong friendship with NV Shelgunov and his wife, LP Shelgunov, which began at the same time social uplift, "a literary expedition" to the Urals and in the Orenburg province on the instructions of the Admiralty "for study everyday people "(1856-57 years.) and, finally, a trip (along with Shelgunov) in France and England (1858 – 59 years.). In Paris, Mikhailov is a range of revolutionary-minded young poets and writers (including those familiar with Eugene Pottier), studying works by French socialists (Saint-Simon, Fourier, Louis Blanc, Proudhon, etc.), in London, meets AI Herzen and NP Ogarev. Abroad, Mikhailov wrote his best political journalism: "The Paris Letter," London Notes "," Women, their upbringing and the importance of family and society, and others, have nominated him for the first series of revolutionary democrats and socialist writers. The latter, which opens a series of articles on women's issues Mikhailova, according Shelgunov, "produced in Russian minds earthquake", made Mikhailova "the creator of women's issues" (Shelgunov, Shelgunov, Mikhailov, V. 1, pp. 121). The reason for this is not in our own socialist theory Mikhailova, for which he wrote, "have not yet found a formula (Mikhailov, Op., V. 3, pp. 82), and in the development of the socialist ideal in relation to the issue of female emancipation.Mikhailov returned to Russia convinced of the proximity of people's revolution. He was received by the Editor of The Contemporary (in charge of the department of foreign literature), has actively co-operate well in the Russian word "and" Encyclopedic Dictionary "PL Lavrov (in which he was the literary department), closely associated with the revolutionary youth. Angered by the king's manifesto for the release of the peasants, which he called "a snare and deception", Mikhailov Shelgunov helps to write a proclamation "To the younger generation" in the summer of 1861 organize the printing of the London printing Herzen, secretly transporting circulation in Russia and is involved in its distribution . Arrested Sept. 14, 1861, he was to remove suspicion from Shelgunov took all the blame on himself and was sentenced to six years in prison and deportation to Siberia. In prison, Mikhailov wrote the poem "In Memory Dobrolubova", "tightly together in your arms …" (a reply message to the arrested students of St. Petersburg University), "Five" (in memory of the Decembrists) and others, have become the most popular works of "secret" revolutionary poetry . Democratic writers Petersburg clubbed decked Mikhailova the road. Peter and Paul Fortress to say goodbye to him, came Chernyshevski, Shelgunov, AA-sulfur Solovyevich and others (for all of them "by order of His Majesty" was placed under surveillance). On the way to hard labor he met many of the exiles in Siberia, including Petrashevsky, Decembrist DI Zavalishin Shelgunov and others will soon follow him into exile to assist him. At the prison (he served it in Kazakov, Zerentuyskom and, finally, Kra mines Nerchinsk District) Mikhailov was at one time with Chernyshevsky. However, poor health, as well as enhanced mental work (he went on to write: they were written, in particular, "Notes", telling about his arrest, interrogation, trial and exile), quickly brought him to the grave. He died in Cada 3 (15) August 1865 shortly after it came to a settlement, and was buried atop a hill near the exiled Poles, two days digging into the rock his grave. September 11, when news of the death Mikhailova reached St. Petersburg, more than one hundred young people carried out in an organized manner only possible in a police surveillance political demonstration – a requiem for "Michael exile" (without mentioning his name) and "commemoration" in one of the taverns, where speeches and read the works of Mikhailov. His name stands first in the historical-revolutionary calendar, post-reform Russia. Lunacharskii called it "one of the fathers of the revolution" (Lunacharsky AV Russian literature. M., 1947, pp. 65). Writings Mikhailov ML Poems. SPb., 1866 (publ. were destroyed). Michailov ML Complete Works. [1913-1914], v. 1-4 (including 1 bibliogr.). Michailov ML edition. M., 1958, Vol 1-3. Michailov ML Notes .- Shelgunov, Shelgunov, Mikhailov, V. 2. Michailov ML Poems. L., 1969. Michailov ML Favorites. M., 1979. LITERATURE Bogatov VV ML Mikhailov – a thinker and revolutionary. M., 1959. Chudnova LG ML Mikhailov. L., 1967. Fateev PS Mikhail Mikhailov – a revolutionary, writer and publicist. M., 1969. Oprishko EN ML Mikhailov and NA Nekrasov. Dnepropetrovsk, 1970. Kaz'min BP NGChernyshevsky and MI Mikhailov .- In.: Kazmin B. Literature and History. Acad. 2-e. Moscow, 1982. Schegolihin Ivan. Too good heart.
The story of Mikhail Mikhailov. Moscow, 1983 (PR).