Biography of Maimonides

Maimonides (Moses ben Maimon ben Joseph, in Arabic. Abu Amran Musa ibn Maymun Obaid Allah, the Jews known by the acronym Rambam) (in 1135 – 1204) – the famous Jewish religious teacher, the largest representative of the Arab-App. epoch in the history of Jewish thought, combining in his works, both directions of this era – the philosophical and Talmudic, who played a prominent role in the history of Christian scholasticism. M. – son of Rabbi Cordova, who, according to the capture of Cordoba almogadami (1148), fled with the family in Fez and was forced to accept Islam. Making his way in 1165 in Jerusalem, Moscow opened back to the faith of their fathers, and settled near Cairo, and became head of the Jewish community and the court physician of Saladin. Thirteen-Ani Mamip (I believe) M. concentrated essence of the Jewish faith, but the only book he wrote in the Jewish LANG. – MishneTora ", later renamed the" Yad ha-Hazaka "- has set the Jewish law, and raised all the small decisions on the Talmudic degree of mandatory laws. Himself Moscow, however, often resolve issues defiance of this body, as if pointing the rabbis that they must take into consideration the conditions of time and demands of life. Along with the systematization of legislation. AM outlined in the "Mishneh Torah," and his views on philosophy and ethics of Judaism, among other things, and its sublime teachings on the immortality of the soul, the afterlife and retribution. The basic principle of ethics poses M. unconditional freedom of will: Almighty God knows the power of man, but did not send it, people should strive for good, not for reward, and for the sake of goodness and love of God the greatest thing on earth is the knowledge of the truth – the bliss, equivalent to knowledge of God. Study of science and philosophy of M. imposes a religious obligation of every thinking a Jew, claiming that the true religion and true philosophy does not contradict each other. Evidence of this position is devoted to a book: "Moret Nevuhim" in which he sought to reconcile Jewish theology with the philosophy of Aristotle. The need for such reconciliation M. motivated by the fact that the pure monotheistic idea darkened in Judaism many extraneous elements to it. In "Moret Nevuhim M. develops a metaphysical doctrine of the attributes of Deity, which he dismisses any materialization. M. also wrote "Hohmat ha-ibur" (Treatise on the calendar reckoning), mantle gigoin (manual logic) and many others. etc. "Moret Nevuhim M. (in Arabic. original" Delalat Alh'irin "translated into French. LANG. Munk (" Le Guide des Egares ", P., 1856 – 66), the first part of it. transfer ed . Fyurstentalem (Krotoszyn, 1839), the third part – Sheyerom (Frankfurt / M., 1838). Wed I. Gurdyand, "On the influence of philosophy musulm. religion, namely mutakalimov, mutazalimov and Amarah, on the philosophy of religion, M. ( SPb., 1863); Weiss, "Rabbi Moses ben Maimon" (B., 1881, at drevneevr. LANG.); Eisler, "Vorlesungen uber die jud. Philosophen des Mittelalters" (B., 1870 – 1976); Gratz. "Geschichte der Juden" (v. 6, the Shop., 1871; there is a Russian translation); Guttman, "Das Verballniss des Thomas von Aquino zum Judenthum" (Getting. 1891); Bardowicz, "Die rationale Schriftauslegung des Maimonides" (B ., 1893). – The value of MI in medicine, he studied under the guidance of Averroes, is still not clear, because the most important of his works have not yet been published. In them he discusses the causes of disease, feeding patients and healthy subjects, the effect of poisons and antidotes, treatment of wounds, etc. to bake. Op.: "Tractalus de regimine sanitatis" (letter to the Sultan, Venice, 1514 and 1521, R.; German translation: "Maimonides Diatetisches Sendschreiben an den Sultan Saladin". Mit Noten berausgeg. von Winternitz; Vienna 1843); "Aphorismi" (25 books; Lat. ed., 1489, 4 ", 1497, 1500);" Poisons and antidotes "(in Jewish and Latin lists translate printed in French. LANG .: "Traite des poisons de Maimouide, XII siecle; avec une table alphabetique des noms pharmaceutiques", trad. par Rabbinowicz; P. 1867). Not printed: "The hemorrhoids" (Arab and Jewish manuscripts), "On the causes and symptoms disease "(Jewish lists), several small pieces and transfer Avicena the Jewish language.