Biography of Andrei Ivanovich Zhelyabova

The party must do all he can: if she has the strength to overthrow the despot by the uprising, it should do and if she had strength enough only to punish him personally, it should do: if she did not have the force and this, they must at least squawk … But enough forces, no doubt, and strength will grow, the sooner we will act decisively. A. Zhelyabov My personal goal, the goal of my life was to serve the common good. For a long time I worked for this goal through peaceful and only then was forced to turn to violence. A. Zhelyabov the night of March 2, 1881, hearing on interrogation, that Alexander II was killed, and that NI Rysakov (one of the throwers) has been captured, AI Zhelyabov arrested another 27 February, demanded familiarizing themselves to the cause of regicide. "If the new emperor, received the scepter from the hands of the revolution – he wrote in the statement of the prosecutor – intends to stay on the assassins of the old system, if Rysakova intend to execute, would be a gross injustice to save the life of me, repeatedly tried to assassinate Alexander II and accepted physical involvement in the killing of his only stupid accident. I demand familiarizing himself to the case on March 1 and, if necessary, make incriminating me exposure, "and the fear of failure, attributed the following caption:" Only cowards government could be explained by a single gallows, and not two "(The testimony and statements of AI Zhelyabova .- Past, 1918, № 4-5, pp. 279). He did not know that the gallows would not two, but five: with him and Rysakova (who gave the treacherous testimony) were executed 3 (15) April 1881 another SL Perovskaya, T. M. Mikhailov, and NI Kibalchich. He probably could have avoided the gallows. But he went to his death, in the interest of business to be in the process, in which dignity was to be brought to the party of "People's Will, its goals, objectives and ideals, not individuals. Because the process – this is also a struggle, and we must try to win this battle for the party, even if it costs them their lives. And he won it. "I worked to liberate the people", – said to judges Zhelyabov a question on employment ", and it was not a phrase, a motto of his lifetime. AI Zhelyabov born 17 (29) in August 1851 in the village of Nikolaevka Feodosiysky county Tauride (now the Crimean region of Ukraine). He comes from the serfs. A landowner is defined to study at the parish school in the town of Kerch. Also in 1860 he entered the district school, then converted to a gymnasium. Even in high school taking an active part in organizing self-education circles, became acquainted with socialist literature (with the works Chernyshevskii Dobrolyubova Pisarev). In the Novorossiysk University (Odessa), which Zhelyabov entered the law faculty in 1869 (for private scholarships, as the silver medalist Kerch school), he immediately turns an active participant in student circles and gatherings, which became a recognized speaker. Soon after, in 1870, Zhelyabov organize your own circle of very radical direction, a meeting place where "political club" has become eating-house with a library banned socialist literature, delivery of which from abroad through the sailors and dock workers was organized Zhelyabovs. This group was led by student presentations 20-23 October 1871 in Odessa, which resulted in Zhelyabov recognized as their leader was at the direction of the Minister of Education expelled from the university first year and then completely. Arrested and deported on Nov. 12, 1871 at home, lived in Feodosia, from autumn 1872 a short time in Odessa, then in the ancient settlement of Kanev district, Kiev province. In 1873 Zhelyabov contacted in Kiev with local Tchaikovsky (Akselrod and others), the so-called "Kiev commune" and the left wing ukrainofilskoy "Old Gromada (MP Dragomanov, etc.), but not belonged to no one. In autumn 1873 he settled in Odessa, where he also became friendly with local Chaikovskyite circle FV Volkhov and others, who came at the end of that year. Here he was engaged in active propaganda among the intellectuals and factory workers and engaged in transportation of banned literature from abroad. In autumn 1874 Zhelyabova searched twice, but left at large "for lack of evidence, after a third raid – November 12 – put in jail, and only in March 1875 after the investigation are released on bail pending trial, which took only two and a half year.At that time, living in Odessa and the Crimea, he does not stop the revolutionary work involved in practically all clubs – from the workers, revolutionary, and to ukrainofilskih Constitucionalista, intellectuals. In 1875-76 he was. is a member of an illegal Odessa Committee to assist the Balkan revolutionaries, collecting money and sending volunteers. Finally, 5 May 1877 he tried the special presence of the Senate. In the summer of searching for and arrested, escorted to St. Petersburg in a remand home, and in October 1877 – January 1878 trial, but justified. Going out into the open, Zhelyabov again trying to promote at this time among the peasants in Podolia. However, having worked there spring and summer melon growers in 1878, convinced of the impossibility of socialist propaganda among the peasants in general. He returned to Odessa again engaged in propaganda among the workers, gradually comes to thinking about the need for decisive action by the political struggle. Zhelyabov broke with his family and goes completely underground. Land and Freedom – the supporters of terror, inviting him to his Lipetsk Congress (June 1879), in his capacity as Secretary-General plays a prominent role in the discussion of the program and statutes of the Executive Committee. In July, on the Voronezh Congress to accept membership in the "Land and Freedom", and after the split of the society he is part of the Executive Committee of the Party "People's Will". August 26, 1879 in St. Petersburg Zhelyabov attends a meeting of the Executive Committee in the Forest, which was finally sentenced to death, Alexander II. Then he goes to the south (Crimea, Ukraine), where the recruiting of new members and create the party circles "People's Will. In October – November 1879 Zhelyabov prepares an explosion at the railway Alexander (now Zaporizhia) during the passage of the royal train on Nov. 18 in person connects the wire galvanic battery, but the explosion did not happen. Returning to St. Petersburg, Zhelyabov spends a great job of organizing the party and in 1880 became the de facto leader and the leader of the People's Will ". From that moment until his death, his life is inseparable from the history of the Populist organization. Zhelyabov leads all attacks on the king, creates a student, military, and workers' organizations, parties suits illegal printing press. He participates in the development of all policy documents the party this time, in the drafting of leaflets. Zhelyabov organizes "Working paper, and wrote an editorial for its first issue (December 9, 1880), creates (with the IP Kakovsky)" Program of the workers, members of the Party "People's Will" (1880), one of the principal documents Party, embodying the experience and the ideals of many workers' organizations at the time. And at trial, he struggles to finish wins it for the party and history. Lenin attributed Zhelyabova such leading figures-revolutionaries like Robespierre and Garibaldi, who "with political tasks in the most genuine and most practical sense of the word …" (VI Lenin, Collected Works, Vol. Coll. Op., v. 6, pp. 106). Literary Heritage Zhelyabova (especially his speech, speeches and letters) is not collected. Writings (except the above) Zhelyabov AI [Autobiographical notes]. – Op. to Sat: Andrey Zhelyabov. Geneva, 1882. Zhelyabov AI Letters MPDragomanov .- Past, 1906, № 3; links. Leningrad, 1935, v. 4. The testimony and the statement AI Zhelyabova .- Past, 1918, № 4-5. Zhelyabov AI Speech at the trial on March 1, 188
1 – LV, v. 2, pp. 252-258. LITERATURE Asheshov NP AI Zhelyabov. Materials for biography and testimonials. Pg., 1919. Zaslavsky D. Zhelyabov. Leningrad, 1925. Rosenberg, M. B. From the cradle to the gallows (AI Zhelyabov). M., 1927. Andrey Zhelyabov. Materials for biography. M., 1927. Andrey Zhelyabov – Member of the Executive Committee of the Party "People's Will". Materials for biography. M., 1930. Drunina VP AI Zhelyabov. Leningrad, 1930. Kleyankin VA VA Zhelyabov – the hero of the People's Will. M., 1959. Thistle A. AI Zhelyabov. L., 1965. Verona AK Zhelyabov. Moscow, 1934 (ZHZL). Davydov Yu Mart. M., 1959. Prokofiev VA Andrew Zhelyabov. Acad. 2-e. Moscow, 1965 (ZHZL). Trifonov Yu Impatience. The story about Andrew Zhelyabov. Acad. 2-e. , 1974 (PR).