Biography Juno

Juno (Juno) – the ancient Italic goddess, parallel Jupiter female deities associated with them by name (Juno, from Jovino; there is also the name of the goddess – Jovia) and in the cult. Thus, the cult of Jupiter was in charge flamen Dialis, cult Juno – his wife flaminica; Jupiter sacrificed white bulls, J. – white cows were dedicated to Jupiter Ida J. – calends, Jupiter had a nickname among other things Lucetius, Yu – Lucetia or Lucina; Jupiter and Yu sends rain, war-mongering personified courage and victory, and the two deities were of royal title. Gradually, the initial convergence of the cult died down, and finally Yu were isolated as the patron goddess of women and their lives, because the latter, the belief of the ancient Italians, was under the influence of the moon. Along with the numerous festivals that existed in honor of Jupiter, the Roman calendar was not a national holiday, directly related to Yu, Yu devoted calends considered days of attendance, whereas the Ides (the days of Jupiter) are among the festivities (feriae). Cult Yu was distributed throughout Italy, including Etruria. In general, the arch of the Roman religious beliefs and rituals found a place all the features of the various local cults Yu, partly as a relic, saved the people from the ancient pre-historic era, partly as a loan that resulted from the conquest of cities – the custodians of a cult. Remnant of the ancient cult Yu in Rome is the rite ad the people of New moon and non, it coincides with the first quarter. On top of the Capitol was a temple Yu Coins (Councilor, a different interpretation of the Bride, then at the temple was constructed Mint, and the epithet of the goddess began to be used to refer to both the building itself and coins), consecrated in 344 BC, the Chr. and structures, apparently in place of old. Foundation Day of the temple had a 1 st June – the month dedicated to Yu (Junius, from Junonius). Another ancient temple of the goddess was on the Esquiline, which originally stood grove Lucyna Yu. It took place on March 1 wore the family character of the holiday women Matronalia: sacrifices and pray for the happiness of marriage, husbands gave gifts to their wives, women treated slaves. Third place in the cult Yu Rome was Capitol, where Yu queen had a niche next to Jupiter and Minerva. In honor of the Queen of Yu in 179, was built in the temple of self Flaminia Circus. As the goddess of heaven, and in particular the moonlight (Lucina), Yu had a particular impact on the lives of women, measured by months, and during pregnancy, she also attributed the strength to assist in childbirths, under the patronage of her was a marriage that starts a woman's life. The goddess led the bride to the groom's house (Iterdusa, Domiduca); it called when buttering salve door frames in the house of newlyweds (J. Unxia), when raspoyasyvanii belt bride (J. Cinxia) and generally in marriage (J. Juga); as Fluviona She eased the bleeding during menstruation, as Ossipago, helped the development of the embryo; as Lucina, urged women (like Greek Eileithyia) at a resolution of the burden. In her desk at the temple have made Evkvilinskom for newborns certain amount of money (stips). Yu sent fertility: hence the role of goat skins – the symbol of passion – in cult Yu (and fawn). In October nones (7 October) at the Champ de Mars sacrificed Yu Suritis as the goddess of fertility and warlike courage, representative and patron of the family and tribal, state bodies which were kypii. Later, with the penetration of Greek religious beliefs and worship in Rome, the Greek Hera assimilated with the Y. Co II-First Punic War Aventine Yu queen participates, along with Greek deities in rites that were appointed in some cases, the guardians of the Greek religion and rituals – decemvir sacris faciundis . Under the influence of Greek religious beliefs became known as the son of Mars and Jupiter Yu. In addition to individual Roman goddess of Olympus – Yu, in Roman religion known since Juno, took care of the lives of women: every woman has had her Juno, just as every man had his own personal patron – a genius. Wed Preller, "Romische Mythologie" (Berlin, 1881, 3 rd ed., P. 271 et seq.); Roscher, "Studien zur vergleichenden Mythologie der Griechen und Romer. II.Juno und Bliss "(Lpts., 1875); Aust," Die Religion der Romer "(Munster, 1899, p. 125 et seq.); (G. Wissowa," Religion und Kultus der Romer "(Munich, 1902, p. . 113 et seq.).