Biography Augustine

Augustin (Aurelius) (13.11.354 – 28.08.430) – one of most famous and influential fathers of Christ. Church, was born in Tagaste in Africa, November 13, 354, initially his education, he owes his mother – Monica Christian, intelligent, noble and pious woman, whose influence on his son, however, paralyze the father of a pagan. In his youth, Alexander was set very secular way, and living in Madavre and Carthage for the study of classical authors, all echoed a whirlwind of pleasure. Thirst for something higher awakened in him only after reading "Horlensius" Cicero. He lashed out at the philosophy, joined the cult Manichees, which remained faithful to about 10 years, but finding no satisfaction anywhere, almost came to despair, and only familiarity with the Platonic, and neo-Platonic philosophy, he became available, thanks to Latin translation, at the time provided fodder for his mind. In 383, he went from Africa to Rome, and in 384 – to Milan to speak here as the teacher of rhetoric. There, thanks tamoshnem Bishop Ambrose, he was more familiar with Christianity, and this circumstance, in connection with the reading of messages Pref. Paul, made a radical change in his thinking and living. This event Cathole. church dedicated even a special holiday (May 3). At Easter 387, A. together with his son was baptized by the hands of Ambrose. Then he returned to Africa, after selling off all their possessions and almost entirely given out to the poor. spent some time in strict seclusion head of the spiritual community in 391, joining in the Church with dignity elder, engaged in the activities of the preacher, and in 395 was ordained a bishop at Hippo. The influence of Augustine on the fate and the dogmatic side of Christian teaching is almost unprecedented. He was for several centuries ahead determined spirit and focus not only Africa, but throughout the Western church. His polemic against the Arians, pristsillian and, in particular, against the Donatists and other heretical sects, to illustrate how the degree of its importance. The insight and depth of his mind, an indomitable force of faith and ardor of imagination is best reflected in his numerous writings, which had enormous influence and define the anthropological side of the doctrine in Protestantism (Luther and Calvin). More important than the development of the doctrine of the Holy. Trinity, his research on the relation of man to divine grace. The essence of Christian doctrine, he believes, namely, a person's ability to perceive God's grace, and this guideline is reflected also in his understanding of the other tenets of faith. Its concerns about the device of monasticism were expressed in the basis of many monasteries, however, soon destroyed by vandals. He died on 28 Aug. 430, during the first siege latest Hippo. The remains of Alexander were moved his followers to Sardinia, to save them from desecration-Arian Vandals, and when the island fell into the hands of Saracens, bought Liutprand, King Longobardov and interred in Pavia in the church of St. Peter. In 1842, with the consent of the pope, they again moved to Algeria and stored there beside the monument to Alexander, he erected on the ruins of Hippo Francis. bishops. Works of Augustine, autobiographical, polemical and gomiletikoekzegeticheskogo content, ed. Paris (11 pm, in 8 volumes, 1689 – 1700) in Antwerp (12 hours, 9 tons, 1700 – 3) and more recently Benedictine (11 tons, Par., 1835 – 40) . Remarkable of these cit.: "De civitate Dei libri XXII" Vol. Extrusion (2 vols, Cologne in 1880 – 51) and Dombartom (2 nd ed., 12 tons, Leypts., 1877), translated Silbert (2 vols, Vienna, 1826) and "Confessiones" his autobiography, published by . Neander (Berl., 1823) Bruder (Leypts., 1837 and 1869) and Karl von Raumer (2 ed., Gütersloh, 1876), translated Grenningera (4 ed., Munster, 1859), Silberg (5 ed., Vienna , 1860) and Rapp (7 ed., Gotha, 1878). In addition, deserve mention his "Meaitationes" and "Soliloduia" (eds. Vestgofom, Munster, 1854) and "Enchiridion", or "Manuale" (eds. Krabingera, Tub., 1861). Translation of his "Selected Works" is released in Bibliothek der Kirchenvater "(vol. 1 – 8, Kempt., 1869). Greyfevalda recently in the library and found two as yet unpublished short essay A. (" Tractatus de persecutione malorum in bonos viros et sanctos "and" Tractatus de omnibus virtutibus ". In Russian beings. Muscovite Edition 1788 Selected Works in August." in 4 volumes. Some of his words and exhortations transl.in the "Christian Books" and "Sunday reading." Literature: Cloth, "Der heil. Kirchenlehrer A." (2 v., Aachen, 1840); Bindeman, "Der heilige A." (Berl., 1844); Puzhula, "Vie de St. Augustin" (two Vol., 2 v., Paris, 1852; it. Per. Gurtera, 2 v., Shafg., 1847); Dornor, "Aug ., sein theol. System und seine religionspbilos. Anscbauung "(Berl., 1873).